/* Copyright (c) 2007 Scott Lembcke
 * 
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 * 
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 * 
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 * SOFTWARE.
 */
 
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <assert.h>

#include "chipmunk.h"

int cp_contact_persistence = 3;

#pragma mark Contact Set Helpers

// Equal function for contactSet.
static int
contactSetEql(cpShape **shapes, cpArbiter *arb)
{
	cpShape *a = shapes[0];
	cpShape *b = shapes[1];
	
	return ((a == arb->a && b == arb->b) || (b == arb->a && a == arb->b));
}

// Transformation function for contactSet.
static void *
contactSetTrans(cpShape **shapes, void *unused)
{
	return cpArbiterNew(shapes[0], shapes[1]);
}

#pragma mark Collision Pair Function Helpers

// Equals function for collFuncSet.
static int
collFuncSetEql(cpCollisionHandler *check, cpCollisionHandler *pair)
{
	return ((check->a == pair->a && check->b == pair->b) || (check->b == pair->a && check->a == pair->b));
}

// Transformation function for collFuncSet.
static void *
collFuncSetTrans(cpCollisionHandler *ids, void *unused)
{
	cpCollisionHandler *handler = (cpCollisionHandler *)cpmalloc(sizeof(cpCollisionHandler));
	(*handler) = (*ids);
	
	return handler;
}

#pragma mark Post Step Function Helpers

typedef struct postStepCallback {
	cpPostStepFunc func;
	void *obj;
	void *data;
} postStepCallback;

static int
postStepFuncSetEql(postStepCallback *a, postStepCallback *b){
	return a->obj == b->obj;
}

static void *
postStepFuncSetTrans(postStepCallback *callback, void *ignored)
{
	postStepCallback *value = (postStepCallback *)cpmalloc(sizeof(postStepCallback));
	(*value) = (*callback);
	
	return value;
}

#pragma mark Misc Helper Funcs

// Default collision functions.
static int alwaysCollide(cpArbiter *arb, cpSpace *space, cpDataPointer data){return 1;}
static void nothing(cpArbiter *arb, cpSpace *space, cpDataPointer data){}

// BBfunc callback for the spatial hash.
static cpBB shapeBBFunc(cpShape *shape){return shape->bb;}

// Iterator functions for destructors.
static void             freeWrap(void         *ptr, void *unused){            cpfree(ptr);}
static void        shapeFreeWrap(cpShape      *ptr, void *unused){     cpShapeFree(ptr);}
static void      arbiterFreeWrap(cpArbiter    *ptr, void *unused){   cpArbiterFree(ptr);}
static void         bodyFreeWrap(cpBody       *ptr, void *unused){      cpBodyFree(ptr);}
static void   constraintFreeWrap(cpConstraint *ptr, void *unused){cpConstraintFree(ptr);}

#pragma mark Memory Management Functions

cpSpace*
cpSpaceAlloc(void)
{
	return (cpSpace *)cpcalloc(1, sizeof(cpSpace));
}

#define DEFAULT_DIM_SIZE 100.0f
#define DEFAULT_COUNT 1000
#define DEFAULT_ITERATIONS 10
#define DEFAULT_ELASTIC_ITERATIONS 0

cpCollisionHandler defaultHandler = {0, 0, alwaysCollide, alwaysCollide, nothing, nothing, NULL};

cpSpace*
cpSpaceInit(cpSpace *space)
{
	space->iterations = DEFAULT_ITERATIONS;
	space->elasticIterations = DEFAULT_ELASTIC_ITERATIONS;
//	space->sleepTicks = 300;
	
	space->gravity = cpvzero;
	space->damping = 1.0f;
	
	space->stamp = 0;

	space->staticShapes = cpSpaceHashNew(DEFAULT_DIM_SIZE, DEFAULT_COUNT, (cpSpaceHashBBFunc)shapeBBFunc);
	space->activeShapes = cpSpaceHashNew(DEFAULT_DIM_SIZE, DEFAULT_COUNT, (cpSpaceHashBBFunc)shapeBBFunc);
	
	space->bodies = cpArrayNew(0);
	space->arbiters = cpArrayNew(0);
	space->contactSet = cpHashSetNew(0, (cpHashSetEqlFunc)contactSetEql, (cpHashSetTransFunc)contactSetTrans);
	
	space->constraints = cpArrayNew(0);
	
	space->defaultHandler = defaultHandler;
	space->collFuncSet = cpHashSetNew(0, (cpHashSetEqlFunc)collFuncSetEql, (cpHashSetTransFunc)collFuncSetTrans);
	space->collFuncSet->default_value = &space->defaultHandler;
	
	space->postStepCallbacks = cpHashSetNew(0, (cpHashSetEqlFunc)postStepFuncSetEql, (cpHashSetTransFunc)postStepFuncSetTrans);
	
	return space;
}

cpSpace*
cpSpaceNew(void)
{
	return cpSpaceInit(cpSpaceAlloc());
}

void
cpSpaceDestroy(cpSpace *space)
{
	cpSpaceHashFree(space->staticShapes);
	cpSpaceHashFree(space->activeShapes);
	
	cpArrayFree(space->bodies);
	
	cpArrayFree(space->constraints);
	
	if(space->contactSet)
		cpHashSetEach(space->contactSet, (cpHashSetIterFunc)&arbiterFreeWrap, NULL);
	
	cpHashSetFree(space->contactSet);
	cpArrayFree(space->arbiters);
	
	if(space->collFuncSet)
		cpHashSetEach(space->collFuncSet, &freeWrap, NULL);
	cpHashSetFree(space->collFuncSet);
}

void
cpSpaceFree(cpSpace *space)
{
	if(space){
		cpSpaceDestroy(space);
		cpfree(space);
	}
}

void
cpSpaceFreeChildren(cpSpace *space)
{
	cpSpaceHashEach(space->staticShapes, (cpSpaceHashIterator)&shapeFreeWrap, NULL);
	cpSpaceHashEach(space->activeShapes, (cpSpaceHashIterator)&shapeFreeWrap, NULL);
	cpArrayEach(space->bodies,           (cpArrayIter)&bodyFreeWrap,          NULL);
	cpArrayEach(space->constraints,      (cpArrayIter)&constraintFreeWrap,    NULL);
}

#pragma mark Collision Pair Function Management

void
cpSpaceAddCollisionHandler(
	cpSpace *space,
	cpCollisionType a, cpCollisionType b,
	cpCollisionBeginFunc begin,
	cpCollisionPreSolveFunc preSolve,
	cpCollisionPostSolveFunc postSolve,
	cpCollisionSeparateFunc separate,
	void *data
){
	// Remove any old function so the new one will get added.
	cpSpaceRemoveCollisionHandler(space, a, b);
	
	cpCollisionHandler handler = {
		a, b,
		begin ? begin : alwaysCollide,
		preSolve ? preSolve : alwaysCollide,
		postSolve ? postSolve : nothing,
		separate ? separate : nothing,
		data
	};
	
	cpHashSetInsert(space->collFuncSet, CP_HASH_PAIR(a, b), &handler, NULL);
}

void
cpSpaceRemoveCollisionHandler(cpSpace *space, cpCollisionType a, cpCollisionType b)
{
	cpCollisionHandler handler = {a, b, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL};
	cpCollisionHandler *old_handler = cpHashSetRemove(space->collFuncSet, CP_HASH_PAIR(a, b), &handler);
	cpfree(old_handler);
}

void
cpSpaceSetDefaultCollisionPairFunc(
	cpSpace *space,
	cpCollisionType a, cpCollisionType b,
	cpCollisionBeginFunc begin,
	cpCollisionPreSolveFunc preSolve,
	cpCollisionPostSolveFunc postSolve,
	cpCollisionSeparateFunc separate,
	void *data
){
	cpCollisionHandler handler = {
		a, b,
		begin ? begin : alwaysCollide,
		preSolve ? preSolve : alwaysCollide,
		postSolve ? postSolve : nothing,
		separate ? separate : nothing,
		data
	};
	
	space->defaultHandler = handler;
}

#pragma mark Body, Shape, and Joint Management

cpShape *
cpSpaceAddShape(cpSpace *space, cpShape *shape)
{
	assert(shape->body);
	assert(!cpHashSetFind(space->activeShapes->handleSet, shape->id, shape));
	cpSpaceHashInsert(space->activeShapes, shape, shape->id, shape->bb);
	
	return shape;
}

cpShape *
cpSpaceAddStaticShape(cpSpace *space, cpShape *shape)
{
	assert(shape->body);
	assert(!cpHashSetFind(space->staticShapes->handleSet, shape->id, shape));

	cpShapeCacheBB(shape);
	cpSpaceHashInsert(space->staticShapes, shape, shape->id, shape->bb);
	
	return shape;
}

cpBody *
cpSpaceAddBody(cpSpace *space, cpBody *body)
{
	assert(!cpArrayContains(space->bodies, body));
	
	cpArrayPush(space->bodies, body);
	
	return body;
}

cpConstraint *
cpSpaceAddConstraint(cpSpace *space, cpConstraint *constraint)
{
	assert(!cpArrayContains(space->constraints, constraint));
	
	cpArrayPush(space->constraints, constraint);
	
	return constraint;
}

void
cpSpaceRemoveShape(cpSpace *space, cpShape *shape)
{
	assert(cpHashSetFind(space->activeShapes->handleSet, shape->id, shape));
	
	cpSpaceHashRemove(space->activeShapes, shape, shape->id);
}

void
cpSpaceRemoveStaticShape(cpSpace *space, cpShape *shape)
{
	assert(cpHashSetFind(space->staticShapes->handleSet, shape->id, shape));
	
	cpSpaceHashRemove(space->staticShapes, shape, shape->id);
}

void
cpSpaceRemoveBody(cpSpace *space, cpBody *body)
{
	assert(cpArrayContains(space->bodies, body));
	
	cpArrayDeleteObj(space->bodies, body);
}

void
cpSpaceRemoveConstraint(cpSpace *space, cpConstraint *constraint)
{
	assert(cpArrayContains(space->constraints, constraint));
	
	cpArrayDeleteObj(space->constraints, constraint);
}

#pragma mark Post Step Functions

void
cpSpaceAddPostStepCallback(cpSpace *space, cpPostStepFunc func, void *obj, void *data)
{
	postStepCallback callback = {func, obj, data};
	cpHashSetInsert(space->postStepCallbacks, (cpHashValue)obj, &callback, NULL);
}

static void
removeAndFreeShapeAndBody(cpShape *shape, cpSpace *space)
{
	cpSpaceRemoveShape(space, shape);
	cpShapeFree(shape);
}

void
cpSpacePostStepRemoveAndFreeShapeAndBody(cpSpace *space, cpShape *shape)
{
	cpSpaceAddPostStepCallback(space, (cpPostStepFunc)removeAndFreeShapeAndBody, shape, space);
}

#pragma mark Point Query Functions

typedef struct pointQueryContext {
	cpLayers layers;
	cpGroup group;
	cpSpacePointQueryFunc func;
	void *data;
} pointQueryContext;

static void 
pointQueryHelper(cpVect *point, cpShape *shape, pointQueryContext *context)
{
	if(cpShapePointQuery(shape, *point, context->layers, context->group))
		context->func(shape, context->data);
}

void
cpSpacePointQuery(cpSpace *space, cpVect point, cpLayers layers, cpGroup group, cpSpacePointQueryFunc func, void *data)
{
	pointQueryContext context = {layers, group, func, data};
	cpSpaceHashPointQuery(space->activeShapes, point, (cpSpaceHashQueryFunc)pointQueryHelper, &context);
	cpSpaceHashPointQuery(space->staticShapes, point, (cpSpaceHashQueryFunc)pointQueryHelper, &context);
}

static void
rememberLastPointQuery(cpShape *shape, cpShape **outShape)
{
	(*outShape) = shape;
}

cpShape *
cpSpacePointQueryFirst(cpSpace *space, cpVect point, cpLayers layers, cpGroup group)
{
	cpShape *shape = NULL;
	cpSpacePointQuery(space, point, layers, group, (cpSpacePointQueryFunc)rememberLastPointQuery, &shape);
	
	return shape;
}

void
cpSpaceEachBody(cpSpace *space, cpSpaceBodyIterator func, void *data)
{
	cpArray *bodies = space->bodies;
	
	for(int i=0; i<bodies->num; i++)
		func((cpBody *)bodies->arr[i], data);
}

#pragma mark Segment Query Functions

typedef struct segQueryContext {
	cpVect start, end;
	cpLayers layers;
	cpGroup group;
	cpSpaceSegmentQueryFunc func;
	int anyCollision;
} segQueryContext;

static cpFloat
segQueryFunc(segQueryContext *context, cpShape *shape, void *data)
{
	cpSegmentQueryInfo info = {NULL, 0.0f, cpvzero};
	if(cpShapeSegmentQuery(shape, context->start, context->end, context->layers, context->group, &info)){
		if(context->func)
			context->func(shape, info.t, info.n, data);
		
		context->anyCollision = 1;
	}
	
	return 1.0f;
}

int
cpSpaceSegmentQuery(cpSpace *space, cpVect start, cpVect end, cpLayers layers, cpGroup group, cpSpaceSegmentQueryFunc func, void *data)
{
	segQueryContext context = {
		start, end,
		layers, group,
		func,
		0,
	};
	
	cpSpaceHashSegmentQuery(space->staticShapes, &context, start, end, 1.0f, (cpSpaceHashSegmentQueryFunc)segQueryFunc, data);
	cpSpaceHashSegmentQuery(space->activeShapes, &context, start, end, 1.0f, (cpSpaceHashSegmentQueryFunc)segQueryFunc, data);
	
	return context.anyCollision;
}

typedef struct segQueryFirstContext {
	cpVect start, end;
	cpLayers layers;
	cpGroup group;
} segQueryFirstContext;

static cpFloat
segQueryFirst(segQueryFirstContext *context, cpShape *shape, cpSegmentQueryInfo *out)
{
	cpSegmentQueryInfo info = {NULL, 1.0f, cpvzero};
	if(cpShapeSegmentQuery(shape, context->start, context->end, context->layers, context->group, &info)){
		if(info.t < out->t){
			out->shape = info.shape;
			out->t = info.t;
			out->n = info.n;
		}
	}
	
	return info.t;
}

int
cpSpaceSegmentQueryFirst(cpSpace *space, cpVect start, cpVect end, cpLayers layers, cpGroup group, cpSegmentQueryInfo *out)
{
	cpSegmentQueryInfo info = {NULL, 1.0f, cpvzero};
	if(!out) out = &info;
	
	out->t = 1.0f;
	
	segQueryFirstContext context = {
		start, end,
		layers, group
	};
	
	cpSpaceHashSegmentQuery(space->staticShapes, &context, start, end, 1.0f, (cpSpaceHashSegmentQueryFunc)segQueryFirst, out);
	cpSpaceHashSegmentQuery(space->activeShapes, &context, start, end, out->t, (cpSpaceHashSegmentQueryFunc)segQueryFirst, out);
	
	return (out->shape != NULL);
}

#pragma mark Spatial Hash Management

// Iterator function used for updating shape BBoxes.
static void
updateBBCache(cpShape *shape, void *unused)
{
	cpShapeCacheBB(shape);
}

void
cpSpaceResizeStaticHash(cpSpace *space, cpFloat dim, int count)
{
	cpSpaceHashResize(space->staticShapes, dim, count);
	cpSpaceHashRehash(space->staticShapes);
}

void
cpSpaceResizeActiveHash(cpSpace *space, cpFloat dim, int count)
{
	cpSpaceHashResize(space->activeShapes, dim, count);
}

void 
cpSpaceRehashStatic(cpSpace *space)
{
	cpSpaceHashEach(space->staticShapes, (cpSpaceHashIterator)&updateBBCache, NULL);
	cpSpaceHashRehash(space->staticShapes);
}

#pragma mark Collision Detection Functions

static inline int
queryReject(cpShape *a, cpShape *b)
{
	return
		// BBoxes must overlap
		!cpBBintersects(a->bb, b->bb)
		// Don't collide shapes attached to the same body.
		|| a->body == b->body
		// Don't collide objects in the same non-zero group
		|| (a->group && b->group && a->group == b->group)
		// Don't collide objects that don't share at least on layer.
		|| !(a->layers & b->layers);
}

// Callback from the spatial hash.
static void
queryFunc(cpShape *a, cpShape *b, cpSpace *space)
{
	// Reject any of the simple cases
	if(queryReject(a,b)) return;
	
	// Find the collision pair function for the shapes.
	cpCollisionType ids[] = {a->collision_type, b->collision_type};
	cpHashValue collHashID = CP_HASH_PAIR(a->collision_type, b->collision_type);
	cpCollisionHandler *handler = (cpCollisionHandler *)cpHashSetFind(space->collFuncSet, collHashID, ids);
	
	int sensor = a->sensor || b->sensor;
	if(sensor && handler == &space->defaultHandler) return;
	
	// Shape 'a' should have the lower shape type. (required by cpCollideShapes() )
	if(a->klass->type > b->klass->type){
		cpShape *temp = a;
		a = b;
		b = temp;
	}
	
	// Narrow-phase collision detection.
	cpContact *contacts = NULL;
	int numContacts = cpCollideShapes(a, b, &contacts);
	if(!numContacts) return; // Shapes are not colliding.
	
	// Get an arbiter from space->contactSet for the two shapes.
	// This is where the persistant contact magic comes from.
	cpShape *shape_pair[] = {a, b};
	cpHashValue arbHashID = CP_HASH_PAIR(a, b);
	cpArbiter *arb = (cpArbiter *)cpHashSetInsert(space->contactSet, arbHashID, shape_pair, NULL);
	cpArbiterUpdate(arb, contacts, numContacts, handler, a, b); // retains the contacts array
	
	// Call the begin function first if we need to
	int beginPass = (arb->stamp >= 0) || (handler->begin(arb, space, handler->data));
	if(beginPass && handler->preSolve(arb, space, handler->data) && !sensor){
		cpArrayPush(space->arbiters, arb);
	} else {
		cpfree(arb->contacts);
		arb->contacts = NULL;
	}
	
	// Time stamp the arbiter so we know it was used recently.
	arb->stamp = space->stamp;
}

// Iterator for active/static hash collisions.
static void
active2staticIter(cpShape *shape, cpSpace *space)
{
	cpSpaceHashQuery(space->staticShapes, shape, shape->bb, (cpSpaceHashQueryFunc)&queryFunc, space);
}

// Hashset filter func to throw away old arbiters.
static int
contactSetFilter(cpArbiter *arb, cpSpace *space)
{
	int ticks = space->stamp - arb->stamp;
	
	// was used last frame, but not this one
	if(ticks == 1){
		arb->handler->separate(arb, space, arb->handler->data);
		arb->stamp = -1; // mark it as a new pair again.
	}
	
	if(ticks >= cp_contact_persistence){
		cpArbiterFree(arb);
		return 0;
	}
	
	return 1;
}

// Hashset filter func to call and throw away post step callbacks.
static int
postStepCallbackSetFilter(postStepCallback *callback, cpSpace *space)
{
	callback->func(space, callback->obj, callback->data);
	cpfree(callback);
	
	return 0;
}

#pragma mark All Important cpSpaceStep() Function

void
cpSpaceStep(cpSpace *space, cpFloat dt)
{
	if(!dt) return; // don't step if the timestep is 0!
	
	cpFloat dt_inv = 1.0f/dt;

	cpArray *bodies = space->bodies;
	cpArray *constraints = space->constraints;
	
	// Empty the arbiter list.
	space->arbiters->num = 0;

	// Integrate positions.
	for(int i=0; i<bodies->num; i++){
		cpBody *body = (cpBody *)bodies->arr[i];
		body->position_func(body, dt);
	}
	
	// Pre-cache BBoxes and shape data.
	cpSpaceHashEach(space->activeShapes, (cpSpaceHashIterator)&updateBBCache, NULL);
	
	// Collide!
	cpSpaceHashEach(space->activeShapes, (cpSpaceHashIterator)&active2staticIter, space);
	cpSpaceHashQueryRehash(space->activeShapes, (cpSpaceHashQueryFunc)&queryFunc, space);
	
	// Clear out old cached arbiters and dispatch untouch functions
	cpHashSetFilter(space->contactSet, (cpHashSetFilterFunc)contactSetFilter, space);

	// Prestep the arbiters.
	cpArray *arbiters = space->arbiters;
	for(int i=0; i<arbiters->num; i++)
		cpArbiterPreStep((cpArbiter *)arbiters->arr[i], dt_inv);

	// Prestep the constraints.
	for(int i=0; i<constraints->num; i++){
		cpConstraint *constraint = (cpConstraint *)constraints->arr[i];
		constraint->klass->preStep(constraint, dt, dt_inv);
	}

	for(int i=0; i<space->elasticIterations; i++){
		for(int j=0; j<arbiters->num; j++)
			cpArbiterApplyImpulse((cpArbiter *)arbiters->arr[j], 1.0f);
			
		for(int j=0; j<constraints->num; j++){
			cpConstraint *constraint = (cpConstraint *)constraints->arr[j];
			constraint->klass->applyImpulse(constraint);
		}
	}

	// Integrate velocities.
	cpFloat damping = cpfpow(1.0f/space->damping, -dt);
	for(int i=0; i<bodies->num; i++){
		cpBody *body = (cpBody *)bodies->arr[i];
		body->velocity_func(body, space->gravity, damping, dt);
	}

	for(int i=0; i<arbiters->num; i++)
		cpArbiterApplyCachedImpulse((cpArbiter *)arbiters->arr[i]);
	
	// run the old-style elastic solver if elastic iterations are disabled
	cpFloat elasticCoef = (space->elasticIterations ? 0.0f : 1.0f);
	
	// Run the impulse solver.
	for(int i=0; i<space->iterations; i++){
		for(int j=0; j<arbiters->num; j++)
			cpArbiterApplyImpulse((cpArbiter *)arbiters->arr[j], elasticCoef);
			
		for(int j=0; j<constraints->num; j++){
			cpConstraint *constraint = (cpConstraint *)constraints->arr[j];
			constraint->klass->applyImpulse(constraint);
		}
	}
	
	// run the post solve callbacks
	for(int i=0; i<arbiters->num; i++){
		cpArbiter *arb = arbiters->arr[i];
		cpCollisionHandler *handler = arb->handler;
		handler->postSolve(arb, space, handler->data);
	}
	
	// Run the post step callbacks
	// Use filter as an easy way to clear out the queue as it runs
	cpHashSetFilter(space->postStepCallbacks, (cpHashSetFilterFunc)postStepCallbackSetFilter, space);
	
//	cpFloat dvsq = cpvdot(space->gravity, space->gravity);
//	dvsq *= dt*dt * space->damping*space->damping;
//	for(int i=0; i<bodies->num; i++)
//		cpBodyMarkLowEnergy(bodies->arr[i], dvsq, space->sleepTicks);
	
	// Increment the stamp.
	space->stamp++;
}